Non Electronic Deceptions include which of the following?

• A. Chaff, Decoys, and Infrared flares
• B. Radar, Navigation, and ECM
• C. Sonobuoys and MAD
• D. Infrared search and track only

Answer: (A)

Non-electronic deception focuses on misdirecting an opponent’s sensors without emitting electronic signals. It relies on physical decoys and signatures to create false targets or lure threats away from the real asset. Chaff—metallic strips released into the air—produces a cloud of radar reflections that confuses radar-guided tracking. Decoys are stand-ins that mimic a platform’s radar or infrared signatures to draw attention and fire away from the actual aircraft. Infrared flares provide a hotter, alternative heat source that attracts heat-seeking missiles, giving the real aircraft a safer target to follow.

The other options involve electronic emissions or sensing systems, such as radar, navigation, electronic countermeasures, or onboard sensors like sonar and infrared search and track, which is why they don’t fit non-electronic deception.