Define Electronic Attack (EA) and differentiate between jamming and deception.

• A. EA is a purely defensive measure with no impact on spectrum; jamming and deception are both forms of encryption.
• B. EA entails only cyber operations with no RF component.
• C. EA aims to deny, degrade, or mislead an adversary’s use of the spectrum; jamming adds interference to degrade, while deception manipulates the perceived signals (e.g., spoofing ranges or velocities).
• D. EA is used to protect own sensors; jamming and deception are both passive.

Answer: (C)

Electronic Attack uses the electromagnetic spectrum to deny, degrade, or mislead an adversary’s use of those signals. Jamming is about emitting interference to degrade the opponent’s ability to detect, communicate, or track by overwhelming their receivers with unwanted energy. Deception, in contrast, manipulates the information content of the signals so the recipient interprets something false—such as spoofed radar returns that misstate range or velocity, or spoofed navigation signals. So EA covers both disrupting signal usability and altering perceived information, not just defense, and it definitely involves RF and spectrum operations rather than encryption. The other options miss this by portraying EA as defensive-only, cyber-only, or focused on passive protection.